Lady Gaga representation and intertexutality/ Gender conventions

Lady Gaga is known for an independent yet sexualised image. Her star persona consists of:weird, quirky outfits, plantium blonde hair and a strong belting voice. In pop music, use of bright colours.
Representation: She is a female that challanges conventions: Very agggressive in perfomance, strong, independent female simliar to christina aguleria and beyonce. Asscioated with females with big voices.
Codes and conventions: blonde hair (presents her as blondes have more fun/glamourous)and quirky outfits (reflecting individuality). Towards the beginning, her image was more party, where she wore more glitter and sparkling, representing a good time. However, as her star persona grew, the more dramatuc her makeup became and wore more strange outfits to challenge conventions of pop music, such as the infamous meat dress. It also to publicise the star. Gender: although portrayed as confident and independent,conforms that she is sexualised, by wearing revealing outfits and in so conforming to exhibitsiom.

Lady Gaga-Telephone



'Telephone' is a narrative based video that is a good example of the star's persona and strong uses of intertextuality. Gaga develops conventions of the pop genre by wearing quirky outfits that defines her star persona. This also reflects her image as an independent woman, who is often associated with fellow female artists such as Beyonce and Christina Alguilera with big voices. The lyrics of telephone also amplifies this image, 'You should've of made some plans...I'm kinda busy'. This creates the impression that she is independent and in charge of herself and music for that matter.

Mise-en-scene: The use of bright colours such as blues, yellows and bright purples conform to the pop genre and is used for costume (ie the blue telephone hat) or props towards the end of the video (the bright yellow car). This not only draws attention to the audience but also to reflects the fun, fast pace energy of the song. However at the beginning of the video, it is set in a prison, which consists of mostly greys and blacks. Gaga's outfit also consists of dark colours and leather which is more asscioated with the metal genre. This subverts the conventions of colours in pop and can also been seen as a homage to Madonna in which she wore pvc in pop, for the video 'Express yourself', which also subverted pop conventions. It also has an americana theme throughout the video. The location includes a diner to reflect an everyday place that has become more glamoursied with the stars presence through their bright costumes. This could connote that the artist music has the ability to glamourise anywhere with her music and once again reinforcing the star persona of being glamourous. The use of blues, red, and whites also references the american flag and creates a sense of patriotism. This is achieved via costume where Gaga and Beyonce are wearing the american flag but in a sexualised way, either in a short dress or underwear. This conforms to the gender convention where lead female artists are more sexualised in mainstream music. Lady Gaga is also a key example of exhibitionism, denoting of revealing, quirky outfits and dancing provoctivatley. This is especially apparent with the use of CUs of her body such as her chest and bum when she is dancing in the leather underwear. Another good example is where the artist is wearing yellow police tape and revealing a lot of her body. This supports the star persona that Gaga wears strange outfits to make an statement, such as the meat dress at the VMA. Gaga code and conventions also are within the video, they consists of dramatic makeup, quirky, elaborate outfits, bleached blonde hair and proactive outfits.

Editing: Use of fast pace editing, in time with music tempo, to maintain an energetic energy within the video. There is also use of special effects such as star transitions and comic book style typography. aplit screens, adds to fast pace and energy. Slower pace scenes without the music, drama scenes. Use of bright colour typograpghy and tranistions such as purple stars to mark sections of video (lets make a sandich parodies cooking show) Denoted are subtitles used in dinner scene,when the performers are not speaking, conforms to star persona of being quirky and developing the pop genre. Also the use of stars as transistions conform to a comic book and americana feel but also conforms to gender, where stars is more accoisated with females.

Cinematograpghy: Lots of beauty shots of Gaga, which conforms to the conventions of music videos but also beauty shots of Beyonce, although not as many. Long shots, which are not used often in music videos are used to establish new setting, which is more of a convention of film. This was the director's intention as the video is portrayed as a short film. There are sereval syngeries within the video including Vodaphone where the singer is denoted holding the phone. The use of close ups, gives full exposure to the brand. Gender: Close ups of body parts ie clevage and legs, conforms to exhibitiosm theory where women are viewed as sexual objects. A key example is where the artist is in a cell covered in police tape, posing near a bed in a suggestive manner. This image is reinforced where the artist is performing in a cell, possibly holding a sexual object. This is a key example of the artist being sexualised, holding possible sexual object in cell. This could be interpreted as conforming to representation of females, although it seems that the artist is in control of the situation and in so developing it.

Intertextuality: 'Telephone' follows from previous narrative video 'Paparizzi'. This also to star persona, as the artist is well known for elebroate extended length videos, which not only excites fans and intrigues a wider audience to watch the video but also promotes repeatiblity due to the ever expanding narrative within the two videos and possibly a third one. This is reinforced with 'To be continued' at the end. Props also links to interxtuality where the'Pussy wagaon' is directly taken from well known film 'Kill Bill', once again expanding her music audience to film lovers. The plotline is somewhat silimar to Thelma and Louise, another film, where the two protagonist are on the run for murders. This is similar in the 'Telephone' video where Beyonce and Lady Gaga are runaways from jail murder people and drive off hand in hand, directly referncing the film at the end.
There is also a lot of syngery with other well known brands such as polarid and Coke. Since it appears that the artist has not appear in the products adverts, it could be suggested that they may have supported the funding the video and in exchange are adveristed. The most effective synergy however is having Beyonce as guest vocals. Using another artist with a huge star persona, gives the artists more exposure and increases their star persona even more by working with other well known stars. This is evident as Gaga had previously worked with Beyonce on her single Videophone which was released close to Telephone.


Ciara


While Gaga confroms to some gender conventions,Ciara in this video subvert this. For example, 'Like a Boy', the artist puts on masculine traits in this video, which illustartes and amplifies the lyrics. The costumes include the artist wearing vest, chains and baggy trousers, all masculine clothing, subverting gender conventions of women in dresses but conforms the conventions of an r'n'b video. The aritsts also use performance to reinforce this where she grabs her crotch, as males would do in 'r'n'b; videos. This is contrasted during a section of the video where two characters (both the artist) represents male and female. The female character confroms to the female gender where she is denoted wearing a white dress, showing off her legs and have long curly hair. This could also be seen as intertexualty to Marlilyn Monore in the film 'Seven Year Itch', who was well known for being feminine. As the male character, she is denoted of wearing conorows and wearing dark clothing, as a female performer this subverts conventions of gender.
cine: beauty shots both as man and woman. Long shots as artist as man and woman at same time for comaparasion. The editing uses cross cutting to reinforce the differences between male and female, although there are longer takes on her as a male, which again subverts gender roles.
The video is more conceptual video, where the main theme is where the female character is wondering what's it like to be a man. At the beginning sitting in chair like man, although she pushes the man about conforming to her star persona as an independent female, however at the end, she kisses the male, conforming back to gender convention that women are loving towards their man. The use of black and white video also suggest the video and message is to be taken seriously.

Different types of Music Videos

Firth's Theroy (1988) states that videos can be place in 3 catergories:

PERFORMANCE

A video that captures a live performance of band/artist, showing the excitement of a live event. Used often in music videos for the metal, punk and country genres.



Kasabian's 'Underdog' is a performance video. The video begins a royal red shot that ties in with the band's album as it is one of the prominent colours within the album's digi-pack. Then a bright light and a distorting camera movement of the crowd to the band playing, creating excitement within the video and ties in with the sound of the distorting guitar at the beginning. The video alternates from black and white to colour with a hazy glow, the b&w like a documentary feel of the band and strong use of bright lights to reflect the energy of a live performance. The hazy colour is similar to a 70's film, that is part of band persona with costume to reinforce. As a performance video it consists of the band playing one of their live shows. It makes the viewer want to be there themselves due to the excitement portrayed of the fans jumping around as well as the band. This is reinforced with the use of slow motion to prolong this elation and close ups of the fans faces in delight. There are sereval beauty shots of the lead singer and conforms to music video conventions. Inter cuts of mid shots of the band playing instruments, again a convention. The music is offsynch with the video at the beginning where the guitars starts playing before the instruments are shown via close ups. Through out the music video, the music is sometimes in sync with the vocalist although there are times when the lyrics are heard but not portrayed by the singer creating a montage effect.

It can be intrepreted that the video contridicts the lyrics as its only of performing but it can be argued that it amplifies as the lead singer is the 'underdog' performing in his element.This also supports the star persona of the band as they are 'everyday blokes' who are the underdogs within the music industry, while their costumes support a 70's theme that is associated with the band's image and influence. I am inspired by the music video as it easily portrays the commotion of a live performance and would be great as part for my music video. However it would be difficult to recreate a live performance due to the amount of people needed as an audience and also that I would rather do a conceptual video as it allows me to be more creative with ideas.

NARRATIVE

A video which tells a story ie a chain of events with a beginning,middle and end. Can also appear to be a short film without dialogue and was very popular in the 1980's and still used today- especially in the hip-hop and country genres.

A-ha's 'Take on me' was directed by Steve Barron in 1986 and is one of the ground breaking videos of the time due to the use of rotoscoping. The narrative is a romantic fantasy where a girl meets her love within a comic book. It begins with sereval still frames at a racing track in a comic book style in pencil, denoting all in closeup to create intrigue for the spectator and cuts in time with the drumbeat. The pace of the track soon picks up and the editing cuts in time to the synthesisers building up to an enegertic level. When the lyrics begin, the page turns over and cuts to a woman reading the comic in a cafe. The mise-en-scene of the cafe is dingy and represents an average cafe, to create a sense of normality for the audience. This also creates a stark contrast with the comic 'world' which proves to be exciting and dramatic, unlike the humdrum of everyday life . An extreme close up of the woman is used to represent that she is the main focus of the video and the audience will follow with her perspective. There is then a shor reverse shot of the singer's eyes (who is the love interest in the comic) and the girl which connates their spark of attraction. A mid shot is then denoted of the singer's hand reaching out to the woman using rotoscope. The singer then pulls the girl in the comic and the video uses a mixture of rotoscoping and live action, and using graphics to transistion between the two, ie the square expanding across the screen showing cartoon and live footage. The man and woman stand oppistites sides of the mirror and the camera pans across showing the two characters both in human and cartoon form. I think this use of camera movement is very effective and would like to use in my music video as it creates a different dynamic to the video. The pan also matches the long note within the song , mainting a sweeping effect. There is also a segement of live action where of the band playing where the mise-en-scene is a similar theme of the comic in the background. The narrative then takes a turn, as the song reaches the bridge, when the two characters are persuade by two villans. The singer creates an escape for the girl although he is left behind to battle the villians. The camera cuts to a close up of the fan in the cafe, transporting the audience back to the real world. The girl runs from the cafe to her home and sees that the singer is injured from the fight. A close up is used of her face to maximise the emotion of sadness she feels. The singer the manages to escape the comic and a mixture of rotoscoping and live action is intermixed to reflect the struggle to get into the real world. The last shots are close ups of the male and female character as they embrace, a shot previously used within the video bringing a sense of closure. Within my video, I would like to use rotoscoping as it is creative and give my music video an edge, but only for a section for the song, perhaps the bridge.

Mystery Jets, 'Half in love with Elizabeth' is a narrative music video. The main storyline is about a couple and the boyfriend's obsession with Queen Elizabeth II. The video illustrates the lyrics as he is literally half in love with his girlfriend and the queen although this could also be interpreted as his love for money, and in so, subverting the original idea of the song's meaning for love or money. Filmed in black and white, it creates a serious and possibly melancholy video. This also goes subverts the band's star persona where they are usually dressed in bright colours such as yellows, to represent youth and conforms to aspects of the indie genre. A good example of this is their video 'Young Love'. The video begins with 'old fashionesque' typogrpahy like on a film reel from 5o's and introduces it as a film with the name of the band and song title. It then cuts to a beauty shot of the lead singer, establishing his role within the band. The band is then revealed to be in a house with the two lead characters in the foreground sitting at a table although it is apparent that the band are unseen. There is a close up of the girl walking in a hurry creating enigma for the audience. The shot of the couple running is also the ending for the music video. The video is predominately is in black and white although the girl is denoted to be wearing a pink top that is lightly coloured back in, highlighting her importance within the video and sticks to the convention that pink is feminine. There is then a brief montage of the couple together and in so quickly portrays that they have been a long term couple. The mise-en-scene is of an average flat, although it is slightly claustrophobic, cluttered with items, giving a homely feel that the audience can relate to. The characters conform to their gender roles, the girl wearing pink and painting her nails, the male wearing his suit and playing basketball. There is also use of props denoted- money, stamps and a crown to reinforce the motif of queen Elizabeth. This illustrates the song lyrics serveal times through out the video, 'But how can you a trust a man who always sleeps in his clothes?' revealing the male character dressed in full clothes in his bed in a long shot. The video subverts the convention of having the band as the main focus, especially within the narrative. There are several shots within of the band although wide shots are used and only when the main characters are presented. For example, when the male character walks through the park to reveal the band sitting there. A long take is first used for the whole band and then a close up of the lead singer again. The video then follows to the man, to inform the audience of his secret obsession and is revealed via mise-en-scene. The cupboard is full of queen items. In editing, use of subtitles are used to explain what is going on and is very dynamic. When the girl discovers the cupboard, she drops a cup in time to the vocalists 'woo!', emphasising the impact of the sound. The girl runs away in shock and the man chases after her, in so going back to the beginning of the video. The video ends with them reconciling but a close up of the man's smile on his face shows that he hasn't gotten over it and this is revealed with a long shot shallow focus of the queen waving in the background. She is not in focus representing that she is still in the male character's mind.

I enjoy this video as it has a clear narrative and original storyline. I also like the use of subtitles and would like to put this within my own video, perhaps the song lyrics with special effects typography. I would also like to do a narrative storyline although this would difficult to recreate due to reshooting and not making the storyline over complicated.



CONCEPTUAL

A broader category encompassing all or narrative based. These videos which are neither performance or narrative based. These videos are visuals that are appropriate to the tempo of the song, e.g, a song with a quick tempo will use frenetic camera work and fast montage editing. Can be artistic, shocking emotional, humorous, display the idea of a particular director or linked closely to the themes of an music videos are in some way conceptual although dance and indie use conceptual music videos the most.


The xx's video 'Islands' directed by saam. It has inspired me as it is a conceptual video that goes against conventions of a typical music video and relies on mise-en-scene and performance. It does not conform to the convention of using beauty shots of the band but instead the repeated motion of the camera zooming out, revealing the start of a relationship to its demise each time it zooms out. The beginning starts with the still image of the band's album cover, instantly drawing the audience attention as it is unconventional to have a still frame in a music video and is effective cross promotion. The image itself is also unconventional for it's use of simple typography: a solid white x on a plain black background, instead of the band's image and more complicated typography.
The mise-en-scene itself is dark, predominantly of black, conforming to their star persona,wearing black and broodiness as do the costumes and has a strong use of synthetic lights. The music video amplifies the lyrics of the song, using interpretive dance to portray the inevitable breakup within the lyrics 'See what I've done, that bridge is on fire'. This is also represented at the end where the band's logo is set on fire and so is the room, denoting the end. The editing is sharp with constant uses of cuts and in time where a change is denoted within the melody. An example of this is at the beginning where when the guitar riff begins, it jump cuts to the couple kissing. This is a trend that contains through out the entire video, with the rhythmic guitars repeating the riff and helps to amplify the change of melodies within the song. Another clear example is towards the end, where the melody changes and the screen goes blank very briefly to denote the change within the video. The camera zooms for the final time to reveal the change within the video of a woman dancing and the room on fire signifying the end. Overall I feel that this an effective music video as it represents the band's alternative style and music successfully. For my own music video, I would perhaps use the repeated camera work for a section of the song, perhaps the bridge, although I would not uses it through out the whole video as it would become too repetitive and would not be able to compose an impressive choreography to coincide with the camera work.

Marina and the diamonds video is a conceptual music video and is directed by Rankin and Chris Cottam. The video begins with a blurred focus on the artist which is unconventional as usually the artist is the main focus of the video, although she is still in centre framing. However it then goes into focus to reveal the artists covered in glitter and so is the background. I think that this is creative as it attracts the audience because of it is significant . Her eyes are also closed which is also atypical as the performer often makes eye contact in music videos. It then cuts to a close up of her and then opens her eyes. The sudden direct eye contact with the camera draws the audience in. I would like to recreate this eye contact as it gives an edgy effect to the video that would match my video's music track. The video is a series of the beauty shots of the performer in various forms of makeup. This includes her covered in black glitter, a superhero like costume, the superhero makeup being washed away, jewels on her eyes and lips and her wearing natural make up. The change of make up represents a part of the performer. The black glitter suggest that she has a magical quality or 'sparkle' reflecting the tempo of her song, that will make the audience feel more upbeat. The superhero makeup suggests that there is a more braver and confident side she wants to portray, that she can do anything and come across independent. However, the next image is where the make up begins to wash away, possibly connoting her more vulnerable side. This also amplifies the lyrics 'I'm vulnerable' reinforcing the song's meaning of high expections from yourself. The extreme close up of the artist's jeweled lips and eyes are constantly showed, reflecting the more glamorous side to the artist and possibly a form of exhibitisom, as they are portrayed to be seductive. In a shot, its is only a close up of her ruby jewled lips which can be represented as a form of sex appeal.This also adds to the artist star persona, of glamour, fun and sparkle via using jewels asscioates the band name 'Marina and the Diamonds' reinforces this image. The video somewhat contradicts the song as it does not feature robots but only uses close ups and beauty shots of the performer. This is a simple idea that is effective although it could become repetitive, although the change of make up helps to keep the video entertaining. I would like to recreate some of the mise-en-scene used for my video. I like the use of make up and perhaps use elaborate makeup for the performance in the video to give a 'trademark' look that would be effective. A good example of this is David Bowie as Ziggy Stardust.

Practice stopmotion

After watching Oren Lavie's narrative music video 'Her morning elegance' our class was inspired to create our own practice stopmotion. Using the software 'I stop', I created a stopmotion using glitter pens on paper. Using 'I stop' the camera takes a still frame of an object. This object is then moved slightly and another still is taken. After a series of stills are shot , the playback shows all the shots in a continuous movement as if the object is moving by itself, often with a jerky motion. Since I used letters, it was quite difficult to match all the letters in the same position the text to try to create a smooth flowing motion- although this didn't exactly go to plan! What I discovered that some when of the letters did match, others didn't and time and effort had to be made to try and match it together. I also have problems with the glitter pens itself, as the pens began to drip and smudge, giving the video and almost horror effect! However I would still like to use stopmotion for a section of my video, as it is a creative way to make my music video stand out, although I would use materials such as felt and card to create text to the song lyrics to illustrates the song's meaning.

Creative Idea: Stopmotion

'Her Morning Elegance' is a narrative/conceptual video with a prominent use of stopmotion that follows the life and dreams of a young woman. The camera work is extermely simple and reflects the simple storyline with the use of only one angle, 'bird's eye view' to create a sense of surrounding and to keep the audience's focus on the female character within the video. There is also little movement within the video and is mostly fix in one postion. This subverts the convention of a music video, where movement is ususally used to maintain the energy or attention of the spectator. The main shots used are long shots reveal to create a sense of voyerism, where the audience, from above, is watching this woman's life and dreams.
The only variation is when close ups are denoted of the female at the beginning and end of the video, connating that she is the main focus of attention and also no beauty shots are denoted of the main singer, again subverting conventions. The singer also only appears in parts in the video, perhaps for the spectator to focus more on the music rather than himself and is dressed in all black, going against the conventions of star persona.
The mise-en-scene also plays a large factor within the video, especially the large white bed which is the 'performance' space for the video. Other props such as blankets represents water and pillows for clouds adds a dream element to the video, relating to the storyline. The props also helps to illustrates the lyrics, for example where a cello appears when the line 'a cello lying in its case' is heard. The use of lighting also defines a difference between a difference of location, despite still in the same location. For example, when the girl is travelling 'underground', the ligthing becomes dark, with the use of one light to recreate the lighting of the underground.
The editing is the important mirco element to the video with the use of stop motion and mise-en-scene to create the young woman's 'world'. Other editing techniques mainly consists of cuts, not to distract from the stopmotion and from the video to becoming over complex. For the video 2096 still photos were taken during the process of the video and timelined to create motion and effecitvely convey a storyline. The benefits to using stopmotion is that different materials can be used ie, use of actors, plastine etc, to create motion and can be cost effective for a music video. Another benefit is that stopmotion allows to create effects that would otherwise be hard to create realisitclly, ie jumping on clouds. However some of the disadventages to using stop motion is that it is difficult to create fluid animation and difficult to main the correct speed to prevent it from looking like a series of still images put together.Overall, this is an impressive yet simple concept that produces repeatiable viewings and enjoyment to the audience. This inspired me to use stopmotion within our own music video although only for a segement as it is so time consuming.

Cross promotion (Florence + The Machine)

Cross promoting the same thing across the different media text.

How to publicise and market an artist:
Clothing Range
Digi-Pack
Perfumes
Music Videos
Radio
Support act (synergy with other artist)
Music programmes
Awards
Offical fan website
Internet/Social chats (ie. web 2.0 sites facebook and myspace, Youtube)
Poster and cd covers/billboards
Single albums
Synergy with games

In this lesson we study cross promotion and was assigned to find an artist and how cross promotion is used effectively. For artist Florence and the machine, a poster album is the same as the album cover. It uses same typography connoting of feminine handwriting, representing that her music is something personal like a diary and full of emotions. The 'and' is also stylised to create a personal effect. The mise-en-scene consists of florals and patterned curtains creating a vintage atmosphere , lost treasure and femininity. The artist's costume denotes of a sheer white dress, red hair portraying the persona like a goddess of natural, ethereal environment. The red hair could symbolise passion and black nail polish could be representing a darker, sinister side to her music? The props used ie the lungs on her chest is a physical representation that she pure emotions that she bares all and a lot to get off her chest. It also ties in with name of the album. Slightly sexualised with showing off legs in concert poster and wearing thin material although she is looking away from camera both in the album and concert posters. This subverts the conventions of promoting an artist and represents the alternative style of music within the album although the artist is in centre framing which conforms to full attention on the singer. The primary audience is 17-25 females and this connoted by the artist's age and those who enjoy going to festivals, which is connoted by the use of nature on the album cover. In the video 'You Got The Love' features exhibitionism, the artist showing off legs and dancing provocatively and differs from earlier videos, which were more mythical and folk, for example 'Rabbit Heart'.

The concert poster is still from the music video, 'You Got The Love' and denotes her sitting on a moon portraying a dream like amd surreal atmosphere. The glowing light used around her image reinforces this image and star persona. Again the use of a dark background, draws all focus on the singer. It also denotes the album cover in corner to cross promote products and uses the same typography. This image cross promotes to website, where it consists of a wooden background and floral patterns again create a vintage feel. Reinforced by old photo of her looking away from camera and dressed in black. Same typograpghy is denoted and interactive content of a flower blooming and dying refers to the emotional side of her music. There are also a pair of lungs breathing slowly, tying in with the album title and cover. There is also merchandise avalailable brought at 'flotique' including a tresure box, continuing the vintage theme, to contain items in.

Over all, I feel this is a very effective marketing as the imagery, such as typograpghy is consistant, while labelling a clear star persona of the artist. That the artist portrays an alternative etheral image, which has not been recently recongised in the music industry.

What is a music video?

Conventions of a music video:

Lyrics: establish a general feeling/mood/sense of subject rather than a meaning. VisuaSl either ILLUSTRATE, AMPLIFY or CONTRADICT the song's meaning and lyrics.

Music: Tempo often drives the editiing- edit to the beat.

Genre: Might be reflected in types of mise-en-scene, themes, performance, camera and editing styles.

Camera work: Has an impact on meaning; movement, angle and shot distance all play a part in representation of the artist/band (close ups dominate)

Editing: The most common form is fast cut montage.

Intertexuality: Refrences with a video to other media products or music that a video's target audience may recongise.

Exhibitionism: The apperently more powerful independent female artists of recent years have added to thee complexity of the politics of looking and gender/cultural debates by being at once sexually provocative and apparently in control of and, inviting, a sexualised gaze. Eg, Madonna in Hung Up.

Marketing/Emma's Imagination

In this lesson, we were taught what is the process of a marketing campaign and giving our own unsigned artist to market via a powerpoint presentation.

When marketing an artist there are three main aspects to consider:

PUBLICITY- Raising the artist's profile
This can be achieved by:
Music programming, e.g MTV interview
Gigs and concerts or being an opening act
Advertising other products, syngersing with a product that can relate to the target audience. Eg, teenage targeted music are often the soundtrack for spot creams.
Winning awards, e.g The Brit Awards

ADVERTISING- Selling a product
This can be achieved by:
Ads for the album (e.g The xx)

Above is The xx's cover album 'xx'. This was also used for their poster campaign denoting of a solid black background and a large white x. This was an effective advertisement due to subverting conventions of advertising where a picture of the band is usually used to promote their image. The poster not only draws more attention to itself because of the lack of typography and images but also the band and creates intrigue for their primary audience, as well as secondary. It also signifies the alternative style of music that the band creates.

Ads for singles and mix tapes
Billboards
Internet (on popular websites such Facebook and Myspace, music blogs and the artist's own website.
Radio (corresponding to the genre of the artist, eg, rock-kerrang!, alternative/indie-xfm, r'n'b-choiceFM)
Magazines (poster in magazine, again corresponding to genre, NME for indie, Kerrang! rock etc)

PROMOTION- Promoting artist via other products
This can be achieved by:
Competitions (eg, winning a pair of gig tickets. This can also be linked with the bundling, where artist offer more merchandise to promote sells. An example of this is where Lady Gaga gave a piece of her hair away to the first 500 people who brought her new album.)
Merchandise (such as t-shirts and even expanding to other products such as perfumes. E.g Beyonce releasing Star. This will not only boost her profile but also more revenue with the sales of the perfume.
Guest vocals onto a soundtrack for a major film. For example, Chris Cornell, a lesser known artist in the UK was featured on the James Bond smash hit 'Casino Royale as the main theme song and in so, dramactially raising his profile.

AUDIENCES

When marketing the target audience is the primary audience while the secondary audience is one that is different and smaller that will also make the company profit.
EXAMPLE

STAR PERSONA
How the artist is visually portrayed and their unique selling point. (USP)

LADY GAGA

Lady Gaga star persona consists of strange outfits that makes her stand out from the crowd and high sexualised image she portrays in her videos. She has platinum blonde hair and often wear heavy makeup, representing a superficial yet glamorous look to her persona. She also presents the image of a string individual woman although she is a classic example of exhibitsiom.

EMMA'S IMAGINATION

POWERPOINT
I chose unsigned artist Emma's Imagination and how I would market this artist.

Emma's imagination: Star persona

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